政策法规现行有效美国危险品合规

§ 173.316 Cryogenic liquids in cylinders.

效力	法规类型	发布日期	生效日期	发文机构
现行有效	部门规章	2026-08-07	2026-09-08	Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) - Transportation (Title 49)

发布08-07

生效09-08

摘要总结AI 辅助解读

本法规为美国联邦法规第49篇（运输）关于低温液体气瓶的强制性安全规范。核心要求包括：严禁装载温度低于包装设计服务温度的介质；易燃低温液体气瓶必须使用钢制保温层外壳；氧气及易燃低温液体禁止使用未阳极化的铝制阀门或配件。法规详细规定了DOT-4L规格气瓶在垂直放置下的充装密度限制，特别是针对氢气设定了严格的排气速率标记与压力控制要求。该条款直接约束危险品申报、包装合规性及现场操作，违反将导致货物被拒运或面临高额罚款。

(a) General requirements. (1) A cylinder may not be loaded with a cryogenic liquid colder than the design service temperature of the packaging.

- (2) A cylinder may not be loaded with any material which may combine chemically with any residue in the packaging to produce an unsafe condition.

- (3) The jacket covering the insulation on a cylinder used to transport any flammable cryogenic liquid must be made of steel.

- (4) A valve or fitting made of aluminum with internal rubbing or abrading aluminum parts that may come in contact with oxygen in the cryogenic liquid form may not be installed on any cylinder used to transport oxygen, cryogenic liquid unless the parts are anodized in accordance with ASTM Standard B 580 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter).

- (5) An aluminum valve, pipe or fitting may not be installed on any cylinder used to transport any flammable cryogenic liquid.

- (6) Each cylinder must be provided with one or more pressure relief devices, which must be installed and maintained in compliance with the requirements of this subchapter.

- (7) Each pressure relief device must be installed and located so that the cooling effect of the contents during venting will not prevent effective operation of the device.

- (8) All pressure relief device inlets must under maximum filling conditions be situated in the vapor space of the closed cryogenic receptacle and the devices must be arranged to ensure that the escaping vapor is discharged unobstructed.

- (9) The maximum weight of the contents in a cylinder with a design service temperature colder than −320 °F. may not exceed the design weight marked on the cylinder (see § 178.35 of this subchapter).

(b) Pressure control systems. Each cylinder containing a cryogenic liquid must have a pressure control system that conforms to § 173.301(f) and is designed and installed so that it will prevent the cylinder from becoming liquid full.
(c) Specification cylinder requirements and filling limits. Specification DOT-4L cylinders (§ 178.57 of this subchapter) are authorized for the transportation of cryogenic liquids when carried in the vertical position as follows:

- (1) For purposes of this section, “filling density,” except for hydrogen, is defined as the percent ratio of the weight of lading in the packaging to the weight of water that the packaging will hold at 60 °F. (1 lb. of water = 27.737 cubic inches at 60 °F.).

- (2) The cryogenic liquids of argon, nitrogen, oxygen, helium and neon must be loaded and shipped in accordance with the following table:

Pressure control valve setting (maximum start-to-discharge pressure psig) Maximum permitted filling density (percent by weight) Air Argon Nitrogen Oxygen Helium Neon 45 82.5 133 76 108 12.5 109 75 80.3 130 74 105 12.5 104 105 78.4 127 72 103 12.5 100 170 76.2 122 70 100 12.5 92 230 75.1 119 69 98 12.5 85 295 73.3 115 68 96 12.5 77 360 70.7 113 65 93 12.5 450 65.9 111 61 91 12.5 540 62.9 107 58 88 12.5 625 60.1 104 55 86 12.5 Design service temperature (°F.) −320 −320 −320 −320 −452 −411

- (3) Hydrogen (minimum 95 percent parahydrogen) must be loaded and shipped as follows:

Column 1 Column 2 Design service temperature Minus 423 °F. or colder. Maximum permitted filling density, based on cylinder capacity at minus 423 °F (see Note 1) 6.7 percent. The pressure control valve must be designed and set to limit the pressure in the cylinder to not more than 17 psig.

Note 1: The filling density for hydrogen, cryogenic liquid is defined as the percent ratio of the weight of lading in a packaging to the weight of water that the packaging will hold at minus 423 °F. The volume of the packaging at minus 423 °F is determined in cubic inches. The volume is converted to pounds of water (1 lb. of water = 27.737 cubic inches).

(i) Each cylinder must be constructed, insulated and maintained so that during transportation the total rate of venting shall not exceed 30 SCF of hydrogen per hour.

- (ii) In addition to the marking requirements in § 178.35 of this subchapter, the total rate of venting in SCF per hour (SCFH) shall be marked on the top head or valve protection band in letters at least one-half inch high as follows: “VENT RATE**SCFH” (with the asterisks replaced by the number representing the total rate of venting, in SCF per hour).

- (iii) Carriage by highway is subject to the conditions specified in § 177.840(a) of this subchapter.

(d) Mixtures of cryogenic liquid. Where charging requirements are not specifically prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section, the cryogenic liquid must be shipped in packagings and under conditions approved by the Associate Administrator.

[Amdt. 173-166, 48 FR 27695, June 16, 1983, as amended by Amdt. 173-166, 49 FR 24314, June 12, 1984; Amdt. 173-180, 49 FR 42735, Oct. 24, 1984; Amdt. 173-201, 52 FR 13041, Apr. 20, 1987: Amdt. 173-250, 61 FR 25942, May 23, 1996; Amdt. 173-261, 62 FR 24741, May 6, 1997; 66 FR 45379, Aug. 28, 2001; 67 FR 16013, Sept. 27, 2002; 68 FR 75742, Dec. 31, 2003; 69 FR 54046, Sept. 7, 2004; 78 FR 1092, Jan. 7, 2013]