政策法规现行有效美国危险品合规

§ 173.4b De minimis exceptions.

效力	法规类型	发布日期	生效日期	发文机构
现行有效	部门规章	2026-08-07	2026-09-08	Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) - Transportation (Title 49)

发布08-07

生效09-08

摘要总结AI 辅助解读

本法规（49 CFR § 173.4b）规定了美国运输部对特定危险品的“微量豁免”（De minimis exceptions）。若危险品按此规定包装，则不被视为《联邦法规》第49篇意义上的危险品，从而免除大部分危险品申报、标记及培训要求。主要涵盖两类情形：一是PG I类6.1项（无吸入危害）及PG II/III类的3、4.1-4.3、5.1、6.1、8、9类物质，需满足严格的内包装容量（≤1mL/g）、跌落测试及总重限制；二是含少量乙醇或甲醛的非传染性科研标本，需满足双层密封袋及外包装标记要求。该条款极大简化了实验室样品及小剂量化学品的物流合规流程。

(a) When packaged in accordance with this section, the following materials do not meet the definition of a hazardous material in § 171.8 of this subchapter and, therefore, are not subject to the requirements of this subchapter: Packing Group I materials of hazard Division 6.1 (no inhalation hazard), and Packing Group II and III materials of hazard Class 3, Division 4.1, Division 4.2, Division 4.3, Division 5.1, Division 6.1, Class 8, and Class 9.

- (1) The maximum quantity of material per inner receptacle or article is limited to—

(i) One (1) mL (0.03 ounce) for authorized liquids; and

- (ii) One (1) g (0.04 ounce) for authorized solid materials;

- (2) Each inner receptacle with a removable closure has its closure held securely in place with wire, tape, or other positive means;

- (3) Unless equivalent cushioning and absorbent material surrounds the inside packaging, each inner receptacle is securely packed in an inside packaging with cushioning and absorbent material that:

(i) Will not react chemically with the material, and

- (ii) Is capable of absorbing the entire contents (if a liquid) of the receptacle;

- (4) The inside packaging is securely packed in a strong outer packaging;

- (5) The completed package is capable of sustaining—

(i) Each of the following free drops made from a height of 1.8 m (5.9 feet) directly onto a solid unyielding surface without breakage or leakage from any inner receptacle and without a substantial reduction in the effectiveness of the package:
(A) One drop flat on bottom;
(B) One drop flat on top;
(C) One drop flat on the long side;
(D) One drop flat on the short side; and
(E) One drop on a corner at the junction of three intersecting edges; and

- (ii) A compressive load as specified in § 178.606(c) of this subchapter. Each of the tests in this paragraph (a)(5) may be performed on a different but identical package; that is, all tests need not be performed on the same package.

- (6) Placement of the material in the package or packing different materials in the package does not result in a violation of § 173.21;

- (7) The aggregate quantity of hazardous material per package does not exceed 100 g (0.22 pounds) for solids or 100 mL (3.38 ounces) for liquids;

- (8) The gross mass of the completed package does not exceed 29 kg (64 pounds);

- (9) The package is not opened or otherwise altered until it is no longer in commerce; and

- (10) For transportation by aircraft:

(i) The hazardous material is authorized to be carried aboard passenger-carrying aircraft in Column 9A of the § 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table; and

- (ii) Material packed in accordance with this section may not be carried in checked or carry-on baggage.

(b) Non-infectious specimens, such as specimens of mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, fish, insects and other invertebrates containing small quantities of Ethanol (UN1170), Formaldehyde solution, flammable (UN1198), Alcohols, n.o.s. (UN1987) and Isopropanol (UN1219) are not subject to the requirements of this subchapter provided the following packaging, marking and documentation provisions, as applicable, are met:

- (1) The specimens are:

(i) Wrapped in a paper towel or cheesecloth moistened with alcohol, an alcohol solution, or a formaldehyde solution and placed in a plastic bag that is heat-sealed. Any free liquid in the bag must not exceed 30 mL; or

- (ii) Placed in vials or other rigid containers with no more than 30 mL of alcohol, an alcohol solution, or a formaldehyde solution. The containers are placed in a plastic bag that is heat-sealed;

- (2) The bagged specimens are placed in another plastic bag with sufficient absorbent material to absorb the entire liquid contents inside the primary receptacle. The outer plastic bag is then heat-sealed;

- (3) The completed bag is placed in a strong outer packaging with sufficient cushioning material that conforms to subpart B of part 173;

- (4) The aggregate net quantity of flammable liquid in one outer packaging may not exceed 1 L; and

- (5) The outer package must be legibly marked “Scientific research specimens, 49 CFR 173.4b applies.”

- (6) Documentation. (i) For transportation by highway or rail, no shipping paper is required.

- (ii) For transport by air, a shipping paper is not required, except that, if a document such as an air waybill accompanies a shipment of specimens containing hazardous materials excepted under the terms of this section, the document must include the statement “Scientific research specimens, 49 CFR 173.4b applies” and the number of packages indicated.

- (iii) For transport by vessel, a shipping paper is not required; however, the Dangerous Cargo Manifest must include the statement “Scientific research specimens, 49 CFR 173.4b applies” and the number of packages indicated. Vessel stowage is the same as for hazardous materials in excepted quantities.

- (7) Training. Each person who offers or transports excepted quantities of hazardous materials must know about the requirements of this section.

- (8) Restrictions. Except as provided in § 175.10, for transportation by aircraft, hazardous material packaged in accordance with this section may not be carried in checked or carry-on baggage by a passenger or crew member.

[74 FR 2255, Jan. 14, 2009, as amended at 75 FR 5393, Feb. 2, 2010; 76 FR 3368, Jan. 19, 2011; 78 FR 1073, Jan. 7, 2013; 89 FR 15665, Mar. 4, 2024; 89 FR 25476, Apr. 10, 2024]