§ 550.301 Findings.
发布06-23
生效07-24
摘要总结AI 辅助解读
本条款确立了判定外国政府行为或外国船舶经营者做法是否对美国外贸航运构成“不利条件”的五项法定标准。核心涵盖：歧视性收费或准入限制、货物预留导致的不平等竞争、违反国际惯例的歧视性做法、对多式联运及岸基海事活动（如代理、货运中介）的限制，以及其他不利情形。该规定是FMC实施反制措施或调整监管政策的法律基石，直接影响涉及美国航线的外国船公司及其代理人的合规风险评估。
For the purposes of this part, conditions created by foreign governmental action or competitive methods, pricing practices or other practices of owners, operators, agents or masters of foreign vessels are found unfavorable to shipping in the foreign trade of the United States, if such conditions:
- (a) Impose upon vessels in the foreign trade of the United States fees, charges, requirements, or restrictions different from those imposed on other vessels competing in the trade, or preclude vessels in the foreign trade of the United States from competing in the trade on the same basis as any other vessel;
- (b) Reserve substantial cargoes to the national flag or other vessels and fail to provide, on reasonable terms, for effective and equal access to such cargo by vessels in the foreign trade of the United States;
- (c) Are discriminatory or unfair as between carriers, shippers, exporters, importers, or ports or between exporters from the United States and their foreign competitors and which cannot be justified under generally accepted international agreements or practices and which operate to the detriment of the foreign commerce or the public interest of the United States;
- (d) Restrict or burden a carrier's intermodal movements or shore-based maritime activities, including terminal operations and cargo solicitation; agency services; ocean transportation intermediary services and operations; or other activities and services integral to transportation systems; or
- (e) Are otherwise unfavorable to shipping in the foreign trade of the United States.
[58 FR 64910, Dec. 10, 1993. Redesignated and amended at 64 FR 8008, 8009, Feb. 18, 1999]