§ 545.4 Interpretation of Shipping Act of 1984—Unjust and unreasonable practices.
发布05-18
生效05-18
摘要总结AI 辅助解读
本条款明确了依据《1984年航运法》第46 U.S.C. § 41102(c)提起赔偿索赔的五项法定构成要件。核心在于确立被诉主体（船公司、码头运营商或海运中介）的行为必须是正常、习惯且持续发生的，且该行为与货物的接收、处理、存储或交付直接相关，并被认定为不公正或不合理，同时需证明该行为是造成损失的近因。这为货主及物流服务商在遭遇不合理收费或服务延误时提供了清晰的维权举证标准。
46 U.S.C. 41102(c) is interpreted to require the following elements in order to establish a successful claim for reparations:
- (a) The respondent is an ocean common carrier, marine terminal operator, or ocean transportation intermediary;
- (b) The claimed acts or omissions of the regulated entity are occurring on a normal, customary, and continuous basis;
- (c) The practice or regulation relates to or is connected with receiving, handling, storing, or delivering property;
- (d) The practice or regulation is unjust or unreasonable; and
- (e) The practice or regulation is the proximate cause of the claimed loss.
[83 FR 64480, Dec. 17, 2018]