政策法规现行有效欧盟(统一法规)危险品合规

Understanding Chemical Agents Directive (CAD) and Carcinogens, Mutagens or Reprotoxic substances Directive (CMRD)

效力	法规类型	发布日期	生效日期	发文机构
现行有效	规范性文件	2022-03-09	2022-03-09	European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)

发布03-09

生效03-09

摘要总结AI 辅助解读

本文档为欧洲化学品管理局（ECHA）发布的关于《化学制剂指令》（CAD, Directive 98/24/EC）和《致癌、致突变或生殖毒性物质指令》（CMRD, Directive 2004/37/EC）的解读指南。文档主要阐述了两项指令作为欧盟工人健康保护机制的核心组成部分，如何设定职业暴露限值（OELs）及最低标准。其中，CAD涵盖工作场所中产生、使用或释放的所有化学制剂（含废物），而CMRD自2022年3月9日起将范围扩展至1A/1B类生殖毒性物质。成员国需将这些要求转化为国内立法。该文件属于法规背景介绍与概念澄清性质，未新增具体操作义务或变更现有合规流程。

Occupational exposure limit values (OELs) are adopted under two legal frameworks (CAD and CMRD) that form an integral part of the EU’s mechanism for protecting the health of workers. In addition, there is a specific directive on asbestos that includes an OEL for this substance. The frameworks set out minimum standards for worker protection. As for any European directive, Member States must transpose the requirements of the directives into a national legislative framework, as well as the OELs, within the timeline set in the respective directive.

Chemical Agents Directive (CAD)

The Chemical Agents Directive (Directive 98/24/EC) sets out the minimum requirements for protecting workers from risks to their safety and health - arising or likely to arise - from the effects of chemical agents in the workplace or the use of chemical agents at work. It lays down indicative and binding OELs, as well as biological limit values. A chemical agent is defined as any chemical substance, on its own or in a mixture that occurs in its natural state or is produced, used or released (including release as waste) by any work activity. This applies whether the substance is produced intentionally or is to be placed on the market. The CAD therefore also covers the evaluation of emissions and process wastes.

Carcinogens, Mutagens or Reprotoxic substances Directive (CMRD)

The Carcinogens, Mutagens or Reprotoxic substances Directive (Directive 2004/37/EC, CMRD from 9 March 2022) sets out the minimum requirements for protecting workers against risks to their health and safety - arising or likely to arise - from exposure to carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxic substances at work. It lays down preventive and protective measures, as well as exposure limits. CMRD applies to a substance or mixture that meets the criteria for classification as a Category 1A or 1B carcinogen, Category 1A or 1B germ cell mutagen or Category 1A or 1B reproductive toxicant set out in Annex I to the CLP Regulation. In addition, it applies to carcinogenic substances, mixtures or processes referred to in Annex I to the CMRD, as well as substances or mixtures released by a process in that annex. The fourth amendment of the Carcinogens or Mutagens Directive (CMD) Directive (EU) 2004/37/EC added reprotoxic substances to the scope of the directive.